Lavandula stoechas
| Lavandula stoechas | |
|---|---|
| |
| Lavandula stoechas flowers | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Lamiaceae |
| Genus: | Lavandula |
| Species: | L. stoechas
|
| Binomial name | |
| Lavandula stoechas | |
Lavandula stoechas, the Spanish lavender or topped lavender (U.S.) or French lavender (U.K.),[1] is a species of lavender occurring natively in several Mediterranean countries, including France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Turkey and Greece.[2][page needed]
Taxonomy[edit]
The flower was first recorded by Greek botanist Pedanius Dioscorides as the name στοιχάς stoikhas[3] coming from the Stoechades Islands, the Greek name became its specific epithet.[4][5][page needed]
Subspecies[edit]
The recognised subspecies are:
- L. stoechas pedunculata, the common type specific plant, once taxonomically considered L. pedunculata. There is considerable variation in this subspecies, and it may be split into a number of distinct forms. It is native to many coastal regions of the Mediterranean, with some populations on the Atlantic coasts of Morocco and Spain.[6]
- L. stoechas luisieri, which has petals much less interconnected. It is found mainly in Portugal and adjacent regions of Spain.[6]
- L. stoechas subsp. sampaiana[7]
- L. stoechas subsp. lusitanica[7]
- L. stoechas subsp. atlantica[7]
- L. stoechas subsp. maderensis[7]
- L. stoechas subsp. cariensis[7]
Description[edit]
It is an evergreen shrub that usually grows to between 30–100 centimetres (12–39 in) tall, but occasionally up to 2 metres (6.6 ft) tall in the subspecies L. stoechas subsp. luisieri. Its leaves are 1–4 cm long, greyish and tomentose. The inflorescence is crowned by a mass of purple elongated ovoid bracts about 5 cm long. Lower flowers form a tight rectangle in cross-section. The upper of the five teeth has a wrong-heart-shaped appendage. The crown is blackish-violet, up to 8 mm long and indistinct two-lipped.
The flowers, which appear in late spring and early summer, are pink to purple, produced on spikes 2 cm long at the top of slender, leafless stems 10–30 cm (4–12 in) long; each flower is subtended by a bract 4–8 mm long. At the top of the spike are a number of much larger, sterile bracts (no flowers between them), 10–50 mm long and bright lavender purple (rarely white). It blooms in spring and early summer, from the month of March in its native habitat, depending on the climate in which it grows.[6]
Cultivation[edit]
This species is more tender than common lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), being less frost-resistant, but harsher and more resinous in its oils. Like other lavenders, it is associated with hot, dry, sunny conditions in alkaline soils. However, it tolerates a range of situations, though it may be short-lived. Hardy down to −10 °C (14 °F)[1] (USDA zones 8–10).
The following cultivars have won the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:-[8]
Other uses[edit]
The flowers are used in aromatherapy to prepare infusions and essential oils that contain ketones (d-camphor and d-fenchone) and alcohols (borneol and terpineol).[12]
Invasive species[edit]
Since its introduction into Australia, it has become an invasive species, widely distributed within the continent. It has been declared a noxious weed in Victoria since 1920. It also is regarded as a weed in parts of Spain.[13]
Gallery[edit]
-
Wild L. stoechas -
Wild in Ceuta, Spain -
Subspecies pedunculata -
Subspecies luisieri -
Italy -
with Spanish festoon (Zerynthia rumina)
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References[edit]
- ^ a b RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
- ^ Seidel, Dankwart (2002). Flowers on the Mediterranean. Munich, Germany: BLV. ISBN 3-405-16294-7.
- ^ Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940). "στοιχάς". A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus Digital Library.
- ^ Lis-Balchin, Maria, ed. (2002). Lavender: The genus Lavandula. London, England, UK: Taylor and Francis. p. 17. ISBN 0-415-28486-4.
- ^ Harrison, Lorraine (2012). RHS Latin for Gardeners. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley. ISBN 978-1845337315.
- ^ a b c Upson and Andrews; The Genus Lavandula
- ^ a b c d e Upson, Tim (2004) [1st pub. 2002]. "Chapter 2: The taxonomy of the genus Lavendula L.". In Lis-Balchin, Maria (ed.). Lavender: The genus Lavendula. London: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0-203-21652-0.
- ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 59. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
- ^ "Lavandula 'Ballerina'". RHS. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
- ^ "Lavandula 'Pretty Polly'". RHS. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
- ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Lavandula 'Willow Vale'". Retrieved 23 February 2020.
- ^ Bown, Deni (2002). The Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Herbs and Their Uses (Revised ed.). DK. p. 257. ISBN 1-4053-0059-0.
- ^ Csurches S., Edwards R.; National Weeds Program, Potential Environmental Weeds in Australia, Candidate Species for Preventative Control; Queensland Department of Natural Resources. January 1998 ISBN 0-642-21409-3