Arap

Arap
Arap; أول
Regions with significant populations
	Somaliland, Ethiopia, Somalia, Djibouti, Kenya, Tanzania, Yemen, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Germany, France, Netherlands, Scandinavia
Languages
	Somali, Arabic
Religion
	Islam (Sunni)
Related ethnic groups
	Garhajis, Issamusa, Ayub, Awal, Habr Je'lo and other Isaaq groups

The Arap or Arab (Somali: Arab, Arabic: أرب, Full Name: Muḥammad ibn ash-Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad bin al-Ḥusayn al-Hāshimīy ) clan is a major Northern Somali clan of the wider Isaaq clan family.^[1] The Arap predominantly live on the middle and southwest side of Hargeisa and in the Baligubadle district Hawd region) of Somaliland, with its capital Baligubadle being an exclusively Arap territory.^[2] The territory of the clan extends to Ethiopia, in the area of Faafan, gursum, dhagahle.^[3] The Abdalle Arab, a sub-clan of the Arap clan is based in the Togdheer, Sahil. The Celi Arab, a sub-clan of the Arap clan is based in Maroodi Jeex Hargeisa Muuse celi arab living also Bakool South West State of Somalia Rabdhure Elbarde, They also live Fafan Zone Gursum, Somali Sheekh cismaan Arab based in Nogob Zone Jarar Zone [[ regions.^[4]^[5]

History[edit]

Lineage[edit]

Sheikh Ishaaq ibn Ahmed was one of the Dir travellers who according to legend crossed the sea from Arabia to the Horn of Africa to spread Islam around 12th to 13th century. Hence the sheikh is purported to have belonged to the Dir .Shiekh Isxaaq married two local women from the Dir clan in Somaliland that left him eight sons, one of them being Muhammad (Arap). The purported descendants of those eight sons constitute the Isaaq clan-family.^[6]

Role in the SNM[edit]

Baligubadle, which straddles the border between Ethiopia and Somaliland, was the headquarters of the Somali National Movement (SNM) during the Somaliland War of Independence from the regime of general Siad Barre.^[7]

The Araps were heavily involved in the SNM and led the first military offensive of the SNM near Baligubadle where a small force attacked a fuel tanker supplying the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party regime's base in the town. This operation was organised by local commanders without prior planning utilizing a local force of clansmen based at the organisation's Lanqeyrta base in Hawd.^[8]

Hassan Isse Jama was also one of original founders of the SNM in London.^[9] He was also the first vice president of Somaliland and served as the deputy chairman of the SNM.^[9] Furthermore in 1983, Sultan Mohamed Sultan Farah of the Arap clan was the first sultan to leave Somalia to Ethiopia and openly cooperate with the SNM.^[10]

Familial ties[edit]

Statue of Ahmed Gurey (Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi)

The Imam Ahmed himself hails from Bursuug Arap / Muuse celi Celiarab - Arap of the largest sub-clan of isaaq . He was born in Gursum, a known Bursuug Arap town few kilometers away from Jig-jiga where one can find the ruins of his masjid. Als,

The Araps were the first clan agreed to lead the process of demobilization. This put pressure on other clans to follow suit, and, in early 1994, a well-staged ceremony was held in the Hargeysa football stadium to hand over weapons, playing an instrumental role in the Somaliland peace process.^[11]^[12]

Arap Clan tree[edit]

The Arap clan is divided into the following sub-clans:^[13]^{[verification needed]}

Sheikh Ishaaq Bin Ahmed (Sheikh Ishaaq)
- Muhammad (Arap)
  - Cismaan Arap
  - Cabdall Arap
  - Celi Arap

- - 'Cismaan Arap (sheekh)
    - Ali Cawad
    - Alla Magan

Cabdale Arab
Abokor cabdalle

- ibraahim abokor

- Muuse abokor
  - yoonis muuse
  - Alamagan muuse
  - Haaruun muuse

- Xasan Haaruun
- Adan Haaruun

- - maxamed xasan
    - Ducaale maxamed
    - Shire maxamed
    - Gubadle maxamed
      - sugule gubadle

- x,cade Adan
- haruun Adan
- Bulale Adan
- Guled Adan
- muuse Adan
- Faatax Adan
- ibrahim Adan
- cabdi Adan

Haaruun Adan
- - Biniin Haaruun

- - Guled Adan
    - Diiriye Guled

- Faatax Adan
  - Muuse Faatax
    - Cigaal Muuse
    - Amare Muuse
    - Sandheere Muuse
    - Ibraahim Muuse

Celi Arap
- Muuse celi
- Subeer celi
- Mohammed celi

- Muuse celi
  - Cabdiraxmaan Muuse
  - Hookase Cabdiraxmaan
  - Xasan Cabdiraxmaan
  - Ligse Cabdiraxmaan
  - Adan Cabdiraxmaan
  - ilmaadeer Cabdiraxmaan

- Hookase Cabdiraxmaan
  - Hayiile Hookase
  - Axmed Hookase
  - Cabdi Hookase
  - Nuur Hookase
  - Bare Hookase
  - Cali Hookase (cali Waal)
  - Gunto Hookase

- - - - Ligse Cabdiraxmaan
        Reer kalafoow Ligse
        
        Cali yere Ligse
        
        Reer aadan Ligse
        
        reer gaboobe
        
        reer isaaq
        
        reer cali qajiin
        
        reer Elame

- - - - Xasan Cabdiraxmaan
        Cali xasan
        
        Aboyo xasan

- - - - Adan Cabdiraxmaan

- - - - ilmader Cabdiraxmaan
        reer xuseen
        
        dursuge
        
        reer Ebdi
        
        reer dhare

- Subeer celi
  - - - Xaamud Subeer
      - Axmed Subeer
      - Ismaciil subeer

- Xaamud Subeer
  - - Shirdoon xaamud
    - Barre xaamud
    - Xuseen xaamud

- Axmed Subeer
  - - - Xasan axmed
      - Rooble axmed
      - Alaale axmed
- Rooble axmed
  - - - Abokor rooble
        
        Cismaan rooble

- Ismail Subeer
  - - - cigale ismail
        Maxamuud cigale
        
        Guuleed cigale
        
        Abokor cigale
        
        Muuse cigale
        
        Xuseen cigale
        
        Xildiid cigale
        
        faahiye cigale

- Maxamuud cigale
  - - - cabdi maxamuud
        Cali cabdi
        
        Iidle Cali
        
        khaatun Cali
        
        Maxamed Cali
        
        faatax Cali

- Guuleed cigale
  - - - Alaale Guuleed
        Cigaal Alaale
        Samatar Cigaal
        Cabdi dhogar Cigaal

- Xildiid cigale (xujay
  - - Xasan Xildiid
      - Abokor Xasan
        Guuleed Abokor
        
        Ismaaciil Abokor
        
        Xasan Abokor
        
        Samatar Abokor

- Muuse Cigale
- Higis muuse
  - - - Samakaab Higis
        
        Nageeye Higis

- Samakaab Higis
  - - - Cabdi samakaab
      - Tukaale samakaab
      - cali samakaab
      - Warfa samakaab
      - Faarax samakaab
      - Qayre samakaab
      - Rooble samakaab

- Nageeye Higis
  - - - Adan Nageeye
        
        Cawaale Nageeye

- Mohammad celi
  - - Axmed Maxamed
      - Abokor Axamed
        Haashim abokor
        
        Muuse abokor
        
        Cabdalla abokor

- Hashim Abokor
  - - 'Umar Hashim
    - Hussein Hashin
- Musa 'Umar
  - - - Saleban 'Umar
        Isma'il Saleban (Reer Isma'il)
        
        Ali Saleban (Reer Ali Ade)
- 'Abdallah 'Umar
  - - - Adan 'Abdallah (Warabe)
      - 'Ali 'Abdallah (Rer 'Ali)
      - Ahmad 'Abdallah

- Musa Abokor
  - - Makaahiil Musa (Afyare)
    - 'Abdallah Musa
    - Mohammed Musa (Fanax)
    - Yusuf Musa

- - Abdallah Abokor

- Gulane 'Abdallah

- - - - Xasan Guulane
      - Muuse Guulane
        Adan Muuse
        
        Siciid Muuse
        
        Bookh Muuse
        Aderxamaan Adan
        
        Siciid Adan
        
        yabaal Adan
        
        Cisman Adan
        Xirsi Siciid
        
        Ciise Siciid
        
        Bare Siciid
        Yoonis Xirsi
        Odowaa yoonis
        
        Yuusuf yoonis
        
        iidle yoonis
        
        Guban yoonis
        
        Cigaal yoonis
        
        Cabdi yoonis

- Samane 'Abdallah
  - - - Hussein Samane
      - Yusuf Samane
      - Mahamoud Samane
        Maxamed xuseen
        
        Ahmed xuseen
        Cali Ahmed
        
        Cabdi ahmed
        Faahiye cabdi
        
        Xaad cabdi
        
        Cumar cabdi
        
        Samatar cabdi

Notable Arap people[edit]

Hassan Isse Jama - One of the founding fathers of the SNM in London. Former Deputy chair of SNM, First vice president of Somaliland.^[9]
Dayib Gurey - was a senior SNM senior commander who led the invasion.
Edna Adan Ismail - The first Somali woman to study in Britain, first qualified nurse-midwife, and former foreign minister of Somaliland.^[14]
Khalil Abdillahi Ahmed - is a Somali politician currently served as the Minister of Endowment and Religious Affairs of Somaliland
Farah Nur - Legendary Somali poet from late 1800s- early 1900s^[15]
Sultan Mohamed Sultan Farah - Former Sultan of the Arap clan and commander of the SNM's 10th division
Abdilahi Husein Iman Darawal - Somaliland politician and former SNM commander.
Abdullahi Abdi Omar "Jawaan" - Somaliland politician and introducer of the National emblem of Somaliland
Abdillahi Fadal Iman - former Chief of Somaliland Police Force
Ahmed Osman (Also known as "Ina Geele-Arap") - Business tycoon in Djibouti and Somaliland and founder of Somaliland Beverage Industries (SBI)
Siad Sadiq, mentioned in the Geoffrey Archer's 1916 important members of Darawiish haroun list
Ahmed Abdi Godane - was emir of Alshabaab
Essa Kayd is a Somaliland politician who currently serves as Minister of Foreign Affairs (Somaliland)

References[edit]

^ Kirk, J. W. C. (2010-10-31). A Grammar of the Somali Language: With Examples in Prose and Verse, and an Account of the Yibir and Midgan Dialects. Cambridge University Press. p. 141. ISBN 978-1-108-01326-0.
^ Renders, Marleen. (2012). Consider Somaliland : state-building with traditional leaders and institutions. Leiden: BRILL. pp. xxi. ISBN 978-90-04-22254-0. OCLC 775301944.
^ Glawion, Tim (2016). Somaliland's Search for Internal Recognition, SFB700 (C10 project) Research Brief 5. Hamburg: German Institute of Global and Area Studies.
^ Somaliland: The Strains of Success. International Crisis Group. 2015.
^ Ghani, Mohamed Hassan; Abdi, Suad Ibrahim; Duale, Ali Ege; Hersi, Mohamed Farah (2010-11-30). "Democracy in Somaliland: Challenges and Opportunities" (PDF). Academy of Peace and Development. p. 76. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-11-26. Retrieved 2020-07-10.
^ I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42
^ Musa, Ahmed; De Giuli, Akusua; Yusuf, Ayan; Ibrahim, Mustafa (2015). Baligubadle District Conflict and Security Assessment (PDF). Hargeisa: The Observatory of Conflict and Violence Prevention.
^ Prunier, Gérard (2021). The Country that Does Not Exist: A History of Somaliland. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-1-78738-203-9.
^ ^a ^b ^c Woldemariam, Michael, 1982- (15 February 2018). Insurgent fragmentation in the Horn of Africa : rebellion and its discontents. Cambridge, United Kingdom. ISBN 978-1-108-42325-0. OCLC 1000445166.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ Höhne, Markus V. (2006). "Working Paper No. 82 - Traditional Authorities in Northern Somalia: transformation of positions and powers" (PDF). Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers. Halle / Saale: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology. ISSN 1615-4568.
^ Balthasar, Dominik (May 2013). "Somaliland's best kept secret: shrewd politics and war projects as means of state-making". Journal of Eastern African Studies. 7 (2): 218–238. doi:10.1080/17531055.2013.777217. ISSN 1753-1055. S2CID 143973420.
^ Connaughton, Stacey L.; Berns, Jessica (2019). Locally led peacebuilding : global case studies. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 82. ISBN 978-1-5381-1411-7. OCLC 1099545093.
^ Abbink, G.J. (2009). "The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (second edition)". ASC Working Papers (84): 32. hdl:1887/14007.
^ Kristof, Nicholas D., 1959- (2009). Half the sky : turning oppression into opportunity for women worldwide. WuDunn, Sheryl, 1959- (1st ed.). New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-307-26714-6. OCLC 290466888.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ Roble, Faisal (2015). "Remembering Said S. Samatar". Northeast African Studies. 15 (2): 141–148. doi:10.14321/nortafristud.15.2.0141. ISSN 0740-9133. JSTOR 10.14321/nortafristud.15.2.0141. S2CID 146172236.

[1] Kirk, J. W. C. (2010-10-31). A Grammar of the Somali Language: With Examples in Prose and Verse, and an Account of the Yibir and Midgan Dialects. Cambridge University Press. p. 141. ISBN 978-1-108-01326-0.

[2] Renders, Marleen. (2012). Consider Somaliland : state-building with traditional leaders and institutions. Leiden: BRILL. pp. xxi. ISBN 978-90-04-22254-0. OCLC 775301944.

[3] Glawion, Tim (2016). Somaliland's Search for Internal Recognition, SFB700 (C10 project) Research Brief 5. Hamburg: German Institute of Global and Area Studies.

[4] Somaliland: The Strains of Success. International Crisis Group. 2015.

[5] Ghani, Mohamed Hassan; Abdi, Suad Ibrahim; Duale, Ali Ege; Hersi, Mohamed Farah (2010-11-30). "Democracy in Somaliland: Challenges and Opportunities" (PDF). Academy of Peace and Development. p. 76. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-11-26. Retrieved 2020-07-10.

[6] I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42

[7] Musa, Ahmed; De Giuli, Akusua; Yusuf, Ayan; Ibrahim, Mustafa (2015). Baligubadle District Conflict and Security Assessment (PDF). Hargeisa: The Observatory of Conflict and Violence Prevention.

[8] Prunier, Gérard (2021). The Country that Does Not Exist: A History of Somaliland. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-1-78738-203-9.

[:0-9] Woldemariam, Michael, 1982- (15 February 2018). Insurgent fragmentation in the Horn of Africa : rebellion and its discontents. Cambridge, United Kingdom. ISBN 978-1-108-42325-0. OCLC 1000445166.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[10] Höhne, Markus V. (2006). "Working Paper No. 82 - Traditional Authorities in Northern Somalia: transformation of positions and powers" (PDF). Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers. Halle / Saale: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology. ISSN 1615-4568.

[11] Balthasar, Dominik (May 2013). "Somaliland's best kept secret: shrewd politics and war projects as means of state-making". Journal of Eastern African Studies. 7 (2): 218–238. doi:10.1080/17531055.2013.777217. ISSN 1753-1055. S2CID 143973420.

[12] Connaughton, Stacey L.; Berns, Jessica (2019). Locally led peacebuilding : global case studies. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 82. ISBN 978-1-5381-1411-7. OCLC 1099545093.

[13] Abbink, G.J. (2009). "The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (second edition)". ASC Working Papers (84): 32. hdl:1887/14007.

[14] Kristof, Nicholas D., 1959- (2009). Half the sky : turning oppression into opportunity for women worldwide. WuDunn, Sheryl, 1959- (1st ed.). New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-307-26714-6. OCLC 290466888.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[15] Roble, Faisal (2015). "Remembering Said S. Samatar". Northeast African Studies. 15 (2): 141–148. doi:10.14321/nortafristud.15.2.0141. ISSN 0740-9133. JSTOR 10.14321/nortafristud.15.2.0141. S2CID 146172236.

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